Geometry in the World Essays

Geometry in the World Essays Geometry in the World Essay Geometry in the World Essay CONTENTS 1. Introduction what is geometry? 02 where is geometry? 03 2. Body geometry in structures 04 The golden rectangle 07 Fractal 10 Parabola 12 Geometry in astronomy 14 Optical illusions 17 Geometry in fashion 19 Sacred geometry 23 3. conclusion 26 4. bibliography 27 What is geometry? The word geometry derives from the Ancient Greek geo (earth) and metron (measurement). â€Å"Earth – measure† is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. Geometry is one of the oldest mathematical sciences. Where is geometry? Geometry is everywhere. Everywhere in the world you see geometry . It is happening in the world all around us. It is found in art, architecture, engineering, robotics, land surveys, astronomy, sculptures, space, nature, sports, machines, cars and much more. Geometry is used and found everywhere in the world in some way or the other. Man-made structures that include geometric structures would be almost everything. If a person looks closely, they would see geometry in the structure. Nature even has its own geometric structures. The world is a big sphere, so is the moon and the other 8 planets in the Solar System. The whole Universe is a geometric structure, which proves that not only man-made structures are geometric but that even nature has geometry. Geometry exists even in things a human cannot see, just know it’s there. : Geometry in buildings and structures All the structures in the world are geometric. This is a structure with basic geometric shapes found everywhere. This is a modern reconstruction of the English Wigwam. As you can see there the door way is a rectangle, and the wooden panels on the side of the house are made up of planes and lines. Except for really planes can go on forever. The panels are also shaped in the shape of squares. The house itself is half a cylinder. This is a modern day skyscraper at MIT. The openings and windows are all made up of parallelograms. Much of them are rectangles and squares. This is a parallelogram kind of building. This is the Pyramids, in Indianapolis. The pyramids are made up of pyramids, of course, and squares. There are also many 3D geometric shapes in these pyramids. The building itself is made up of a pyramid, the windows a made up of tinted squares, and the borders of the outside walls and windows are made up of 3D geometric shapes. This is the Hancock Tower, in Chicago. With this image, we can show you more 3D shapes. As you can see the tower is formed by a large cube. The windows are parallelogram. The other structure is made up of a cone. There is a point at the top where all the sides meet, and There is a base for it also which makes it a cone. This is a Chevrolet SSR Roadster Pickup. This car is built with geometry. The wheels and lights are circles, the doors are rectangular prisms, the main area for a person to drive and sit in it a half a sphere with the sides chopped off which makes it 1/4 of a sphere. If a person would look very closely the person would see a lot more shapes in the car. These were all basic geometry shapes in the world today. There are a lot more structure and things that contain geometry but that would be too many to list. The golden rectangle A golden rectangle is one whose side lengths are in the golden ratio, or approximately 1:1. 618o34. A golden rectangle with longer side a and shorter side b, when placed adjacent to a square with sides of length a , will produce a similar golden rectangle with longer side a + b and shorter side a. This illustrates the relationship The golden rectangle R, constructed by the Greeks, has the property that when a square section is removed, the remainder is another golden rectangle; that is, with the same proportions as the first. Square removal can be repeated infinitely in which case corresponding corners of the square form an infinite sequence of points on the Golden Spiral, the unique logarithmic spiral with this property. The sides are in the â€Å"golden proportion† (1:1. 618o34). The Golden Rectangle is found everywhere in nature and as well as in the work of men. It somehow appeals to our aesthetic sense of beauty. The Golden Rectangle was considered by the Greeks to be of the most pleasing proportions, and it was used in ancient architecture. The ancient Parthenon Temple in Greece is the most famous example of the use of Golden Rectangle. The Architects of the Parthenon used the Golden Proportion (Rectangle) in a number of areas in its design. For example, on the gable side of the building, the width and height of the building combine to create a Golden Rectangle. The total height of the building is approximately 1. 618o34 times the height to the top of the columns, and the frieze sculptures (columns) and metopes (sculptures) on the entablature mimic those proportions as well. The Great Pyramid of Giza is also built on these proportions. The Golden Rectangle is prevalent in the construction of trees, architecture, music, human and animal bodies and even in art ( the Golden Rectangle is found in the Mona Lisa). FRACTAL A fractal is â€Å"a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is (at least) a reduced-size copy of the whole,† a property called self-similarity. While fractals are a mathematical construct, they are found in nature, which has led to their inclusion in artwork. They are useful in medicine, soil mechanics, seismology, and technical analysis. Approximate fractals are easily found in nature. These objects display selfs include clouds, river networks, mountain ranges, snow- flakes, cauliflower, and systems of blood vessels and pulmonary vessels and ocean waves. Trees and ferns are fractal in nature and can be modeled on a computer by using recursive algorithm (an effective method expressed as an finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function). The connection between fractals and leaves is currently being used to determine how much carbon is contained in trees. Fractal patterns have also been found in paintings, which appear to be composed of chaotic dripping and splattering, computer analysis has found fractal patterns in some work of art. Fractals are also used in the classification of histopathology (refers to the microscopic examination of tissue) slides in medicine, signal and image compression, seismology and even in the generation of new music and T-shirts and fashion. Parabola A parabola is a conic section, the intersection of a right circular conical surface and a plane parallel to a generating straight line of that surface. Given a point (the focus) and a corresponding line (the directix) on the plane, the locus of points in that plane that are equidistant (equal distance) from them is a parabola. The line perpendicular to the directix and passing through the focus (that is the line that splits the parabola through the middle) is called the â€Å"axis of symmetry†. Parabolas can open up, down, left, right, or in some arbitrary direction. The parabola has many important applications, from automobile headlight reflectors to the design of ballistic missiles. They are frequently used in Physics, Engineering, and many other areas. In nature, approximations of parabolae and paraboloids (such as catenary curves) are found in many diverse situatuons. The best known instance of the parabola in the history of Physics is the trajectory (the path a moving object follows through space as a function of time) of a particle or body in motion under the influence of a uniform gravitational field without air resistance (for instance, a baseball flying through the air, neglecting air friction). Another situation in which parabolae may arise in nature is in two-body orbiys, for example, of a small planetoid or other object under the influence of the gravitation of the Sun. The best known paraboloids is the parabolic reflector, which is a minor or similar reflective device that concentrates light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation to a common focal point. Aircraft used to create a weightless state for purposes of experimentation, such as NASA’s â€Å"Vomit Comet†, follow a vertically parabolic trajectory for brief periods in order to trace the course of an object in free fall. Which produces the same effect as zero gravity for most purposes. Astronomy Astromomy is the scientific study of celestial objects such as stars, planets, comets and galaxies. Being one of the oldest sciences. Astronomy is concerned with evolution and the formation nad development of the universe. Our galaxy is filled with many geometric shapes, from the stars forming certain angles to form a constellation, to the shape of the many planets found in it. The Greeks used geometry to understand the stars and the way that our galaxy works. Geometry helped them to determine how the planets orbited the Sun, and also to measure the planets, Sun and moons. Shapes The Sun, moon, and all the planets in the solar system are all shaped as a sphere. This earth is actually an â€Å"oblate spheriod†, but the reason why these all share a common shape is because of the force of gravoty. The spheroid shape allows the Earth to rotate, and all points of mass are within a certain radius of the cebter so it is a low energy shape. Angles forming constellations The stars in the sky paint certain pictures that are known as constellations. Perharps one of the most natural and earliest sightings of certain shapes, constellations have been noted for ages. Many shapes are contained in constellations. For example, â€Å"Sagittarius† is composed of two triangles, one quadilateral, and one trapezoid. Angles can be seen in the images that these constellations make. Geometry in orbits Orbits are the path of a celestial body as it revolves around another body. Early settlers thought that the Earth was at the center of the Universe, and that Sun, moon and stars and naked eye planets revolved around the Earth. Scientist such as Ptomely and Aristotle embraced this theory, but geometry helped to prove it wrong. When Nicholaus Copernicus formualted helicentrit cosmology, it was discovered that the Sun was the center of the the Solar System and that planets and stars revolved around it. The orbits that are made have three distinct shapes – ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas. Eccentricity= parameter of the orbit that defines its absolute shape Our Solar System is a map of many geometric features, and geometry is very useful in understanding and figuring out astronomical aspects. Optical illusions Optical illusions are deceptive or misleading visuals that trick your mind. They make it appear as though something is different than it really is. There are many kinds of optical illusions in the world. There are illusions that involve: ? Movement ?Luminance ( Contrast ?Colour ?3D and space ?Angles This illusion is called the â€Å"Cafe Wall Illusion†. It appears that the horizontal lines slope upwards and downward. However, the horizontal rows are actually parallel. If we were to measure all of the angles of the square blocks, they would be 90 degrees. This proves that the lines are parallel because if they really did slope, the angles of the blocks would ch ange as they got to the smaller end. Here is another example so that you can further see the geometry in optical illusions: This type of illusion is called the â€Å"Hering illusion†. It was discovered by the German physiologist Ewald Hering in 1861. Because of the thick lines of the circle, the sides of the shape in the middle appear to be bent inwards. In reality, the shape is a perfect square with straight sides. Just like the Cafe Wall example, if we were to measure the angles of the square they would be perfect right angles, proving that the curvature is just an illusion. Geometry in fashion If you were to look around your home, or mall, or anywhere else you would notice that most of the people around you were wearing clothing and other fashion pieces with geometrical patterns all over them. The geometrical patterns can be as simple as a triangle, circle, square, etc, or as intricate ( having many interrelated parts or facets) or tessellation (a pattern of shapes that fit perfectly together) of the already mentioned shapes. Now, more than ever fashion runaways of New York, Milan and Paris are flooded with geometrical shapes present on designers clothing. Geometrical shapes are not just being used by department store designers but by high fashion designers as well. Prada, Gucci. Versace, and Louis Vuitton are only a few of the high fashion designers that are using intricate geometrical patterns in their collections. One commonly well-known designer took geometrical shapes to another level. Calvin klein designed his entire Spring 2008 collection using geometrical shapes. However he did not just use fabrics that had geometrucal shapes printed on it, he actually made the clothes the models were wearing look geometrical. As you can see in the picture below the modles dress looks as if it is a bunch of triangular pieces placed together. Other types of fashion which contains geometry in them are habdbags and jewelery. Handbags, like clothing, usually have intricate geometrical shapes and or tessellations on them which create the pattern of a handbag. A handbag also comes in many different sizes and the way the sizes are computed and then constructed is done using geometrical equations, such as the area of a shape, the shape of the bag, or the measurements of the lenghts of the different shapes which make up the handbag. Jewelry also has many geometrical aspects to it as well. Not only is the look of the jewelry usually geometrical, such as the repition of shapes, or just the shapes used, but the way jewelry is constructed also has geometrical features. A bracelet or necklace has to be made a certain length and the jewelry pieces have to fit nicely onto a chain. For example, to figure out how many silver beads belong on a Tiffany’s necklace the manufacturer must first measure the length of each bead and compute the amount of beads he/ahe will need to fill the chain. Geometry used to manufacture fashion Obviously when clothes are manufactures and produced for mass sale the clothes have to have a size run, of several different sizes. These sizes and size differences are achieved by using geometry. Each size had to follow certainmeasurements which are crucial to be precise. Clothes of all types, shirts, pants, dresses, skirts, etc can be measured using various geometrical strategies. Sacred geometry â€Å"Go down deep enough into anything and you will gind mathematics. † ~Dean Schlicter They say that the mysteries of the Universe are as vast and numerous as the stars in the sky. While many find answers to their questions in religion or mysticism, others find answers in math and science. But when you combine the two you get a new kind of answer you get Sacred Geometry. Sacred Geometry is geometyr that involves the sacred universal patterns used in the design of everything in our reality; it is a worldview of pattern recognition, a complex system of religious symbols, and structures involving space, time and form. Sacred Geometry is most often seen in architecture and in sacred art. The basic patterns of exixtence are perceived as sacred. Sacred Geometry is the basis some believe that all creation is formed from. In Christianity, the major aymbol for generations has been the Cross. The Cross had become such a religious symbol that people often forget that it is also a geometric shape. The cross is nothing more than an unfolded cube. The Cross was and still is such and influnential shape that many Churches have been and are still being built based on the cross shape. The Cross Many forms observed in nature can be related to geometry. For example, the chambered nautilus grows at a constant rate and so its shell forms a logarithmic spiral to accomadate that growth without changing shape. Also, honeybess construct hexagonal cells to hold their honey. These and other correspondence are seen by believers in sacred geometry to be furthe proof of the cosmic significance of geometric forms. Honeycomb Sunflower The Golden Ratio, geometric ratios, and geometric figures were often employed in the design of Egyptian, ancient Indian, Greek and Roman architecture. Medieval European cathedrals also incorporated symbolic geometry. Indian and Himalayan spiritual communities often constructed temples and fortifications on design plans of mandala and yantra. Yantra Yin and Yang The Flower of Life is the modern name given to a geometrical figure composed of multiple evenly –spaced, overlapping circles. They are arranged to form a flower-like pattern with a sixfold symmetry, similar to a hexagon. The centre of each circle is on the circumference of six surrounding circles of the same diameter. It is considered by some to be a symbol of sacred geometry, said to conatian ancient, religious value depicting the fundamental forms of space and time. It is believed to contain a type of Akashic Records of basic information of all living things. There are many apiritual beliefs associated with the Flower of Life; for example, depiction of the five Platonic Solids are found within the symbol of Metatrons Cube, which may be derived from the Flower of Life pattern. These platonic solids are geometrical forms which are said to act as a template from which all life springs. According to Drunvalo melchizedek, in the Judeo-Christian tradition, the stages which construct the Seed of Life are said to represent the six days of Creation, in which Elohim created life. conclusion In conclusion for my topic, Geometry in the World, I would just like to say that geometry is found everywhere in the world. No matter where you look; up, down, to the right or the left; or what you look at; a car, a building, the sky or the ocean; whether it is a man-made structure or it occurs naturally, you will find geometry in it no matter what. The world is full of Geometry, one of the oldest mathematical sciences, which has been through the ancient eras to the modern ages and is still here to stay for the future without even giving a sign that it is going to finish anytime sooner The strands of our DNA, the corners of our eye, snow-flakes, pine cones, flower petals, diamond crystals, the branching of trees, a nautilus shell, the star we spin around, the galaxy we spiral within, the air we breathe, and all life forms as we know them emerge out of timeless geometric codes. The designs of exalted holy spaces from the prehistoric monuments at Stonehenge and the Pyramid of Khufu at Giza, to the world’s great cathedrals, mosques, and temples are based on these same principles of geometry. bibliography links 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Parabola 2. http://faculty. fullerton. edu/crenne/Geometry/geometry. htm 3. ics. uci. edu/~eppstein/geom. html 4. http://library. thinkquest. org/C006354/pictures. html 5. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Golden_rectangle 6. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Golden_ratio 7. geom. uiuc. du/~demo5337/s97b/art. htm 8. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/229851/geometry/217484/Astronomy-and-trigonometry 9. http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_is_geometry_used_in_astronomy 10. http://biology. wsc. ma. edu/Math251/node/24 11. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fractal 12. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Geometry references 1. Lockwood, E. H. (1961): A Book of Curves, Cambridge University Press 2. Mandelbrot, B. B. (1982). The Fractal Geometry of Nature. W. H. Freeman and Company.. ISBN 0-7167-1186-9. 3. Briggs, John (1992). Fractals:The Patterns of Chaos. London : Thames and Hudson, 1992.. p. 148. ISBN 0500276935, 0500276935 4. Pacioli, Luca. De divina proportione, Luca Paganinem de Paganinus de Brescia (Antonio Capella) 1509, Venice. 5. Le Corbusier, The Modulor, p. 35, as cited in Padovan, Richard, Proportion: Science, Philosophy, Architecture (1999), p. 320. Taylor Francis. ISBN 0-419-22780-6: Both the paintings and the architectural designs make use of the golden section. 6. Mlodinow, M. ; Euclids window (the story of geometry from parallel lines to hyperspace), UK edn. Allen Lane, 1992

The Development and Achievements of the Virtualized Servers Research Paper

The Development and Achievements of the Virtualized Servers - Research Paper Example This paper examines the development of the virtualized technology and its benefits to the organizations. The establishment of the Virtualization Technology Virtualization was initially established in the early 1960s to partition huge mainframe into small manageable virtue machines. With such partitions, the mainframe was capable of multitasking. The first developmental phase emphasized data center management and green objectives. This mainly targeted reducing data center space and minimizing the energy consumed by the system. Additionally, manufactures accessed strategies that would promote operation efficiencies by curtailing the proliferation of servers and reducing the total IT operation cost (Buytaert, Rogier & Juan 51). The 2nd phase considered promoting management and consistency of desktop applications. Developments in this stage targeted establishing thin client model, a common management, provision layer and a steadfast application server based on a managed data center. Virt ualization technology was shunned in the period of 1980s to 1990s due to the effect of the client-server applications, the x86-servers and desktops which promoted distribution of computation. Importantly, the outspread utilization of the Windows and development of Linux OS in the 1990s built x86 servers as the standard products in the industry (Buytaert, Rogier & Juan 39). Future establishment of the x86-server and utilization of desktops new IT infrastructure and functional challenges. These challenges have countered development of the virtualization technology and minimized it adoption. Challenges that have checked establishment of the virtualization technology An apparent challenge that has undermined development and adoption of the technology is the deployment of low infrastructure. Most organizations use one application per server to reduce the vulnerability of their system to attacks arriving from other applications. Additionally, the technology faces a challenge of high physi cal infrastructure costs. Infrastructure maintenance cost remains high since computing systems must remain operational throughout and this leads to power consumption, and increased cooling costs (Buytaert, Rogier & Juan 23). Importantly, there is a challenge of increased IT maintenance, which emanates from the advancement of the computing environment. Management of advanced virtualization technology demands specialized and experienced personnel. This escalates the system management cost since acquiring and maintaining such a group is costly. Furthermore, managing enterprise desktops is challenging since the system requires numerous patches and frequent upgrades (Buytaert, Rogier & Juan 185). Lastly, the technology faces serious challenges of security and scalability. There are insufficient disaster protection systems hence firms are vulnerable to systems breakdown and server applications inaccessibility. Additionally, the risk of security attacks, health pandemics, natural disasters and terrorism continues to counteract the growth of the technology. Importantly, flexibilities in the industry have introduced the problem of scalability. The IT industry is highly flexible hence demands a flexible technology. Developing and restructuring the Virtual infrastructures to accommodate novel developments is

The Social Security Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Social Security Program - Essay Example The essay "The Social Security Program" talks about the social security program, the most efficient run program in all state oriented activities in the United States. Under the Social Security sector, aspects of pension income for the retirees, unemployment and fund assistance to the physically and financially challenged; are the major programs reflected. Involvement of insurance agencies and compensation companies and how they relate the persons mentioned above is also monitored by the Social Security program. The progress of these three aspect programs has undergone stiff completion. Maintenance and management of the pension income of the retired have been in the limelight of the actions of the Social Security. This has had success in ensuring the security of insurance and necessary compensation to the retirees over the years. This program has operated amidst its authoritative, incentive and capacitative techniques in order to offer quality services to the retirees. It is the first and main â€Å"Social Security† of America initiated initially for soldiers in 1776. Its vivid historical background of pension security is dated back to the era of civil wars whereby the retirees of the war were honored by paying them off a reduced amount from their original salaries. It was due to the fact that a lot of citizens were left orphaned and widowed by the dead war veterans. The pension fund has increased and broadened its wings to other professionals such as doctors, teachers among others.

Do conflicts management styles Affect group decision making Annotated Bibliography

Do conflicts management styles Affect group decision making - Annotated Bibliography Example Conflict management style has been studied in this article while looking at three approaches; integrative, avoidance, distributive; focusing on conflict management rather than resolution because there is no ideal solution to a conflict, but the ability of the conflicting parties to work through their issues. (Tim Kuhn, 2000) Group conflict management is an all inclusive process as it does not stifle the group members’ diverse perspectives, allowing for a range of alternatives that are possible outcomes of the process. These possible outcomes are looked into while assessing the quality of decisions with an emphasis on the performance and subjective outcomes of the decision making process. A decision’s functional theory is guided by group interaction leading to critical thinking thereby directly shaping the final choice of the group. (Tim Kuhn, 2000) The article while analyzing the integrative, avoidance and distributive approaches, favors the integrative approach hypothesizing that the group using the integrative approach will have the highest level of effectiveness in their decision making process as opposed to the other two because it encapsulates several perspectives therefore fostering positive, subjective and objective outcomes. (Tim Kuhn, 2000) The article examines task complexity vis a vis decision making capabilities while using a study method that incorporates both qualitative and quantitative procedures. The study design employs direct observation of established groups over a period of time. The study uses data from videotaped meetings of the group because of the sheer size and extent of the study. Out of the 47 episodes of data collected, 45 were on video tape and 2 on audio tape. The subjects seem self conscious at first owing to the presence of the video cameras but warm up to the idea of having them around and consequently relaxed. (Tim Kuhn, 2000) Group conflict management style was identified by observing how

The Bill Of Rights :: essays research papers

The Bill of Rights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bill of Rights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first ten amendments to the US constitution are called the Bill of Rights because they provide basic legal protection for individual rights. The terms also applied to the English Bill of Rights of 1689 and the Canadian Bill of Rights 1960, and to similar guarantees in the constitutions of the American states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the perspective of two centuries, it can be said that Madison chose well among they pyramid of proposal sin the state. he included all the great rights appropriate for constitutional protection. The US Bill of Rights contains the classic inventory of individual rights, and it has served as the standard for all subsequenent attempts to sage guard human rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first American use of the term was in 1774 when the first Continental Congress adopted the declaration and resolves, which was popularly termed the Bill of Rights because it was an American equivalent of the English Bill of Rights. Two years later came the Virginia declaration of rights, which contained the first guarantees for individual right single gully enforceable constitution. The distinctive feature of the provision in American Bill of Rights is that they are enforced by the courts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the time they first settled in Virgin and Massachusetts, the American colonist relied upon the rights enjoyed by Englishmen. The struggle for independence, however, demonstrated to them that rights not specified and codified in constitutional documents were insecure. The result was a movement as soon as independence was declared, to adopt bindings constitutions that limited governmental power and protected individual rights. Seven of the thirteen states adopted constitutions that included specific bills of rights. The Bill Of Rights :: essays research papers The Bill of Rights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bill of Rights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first ten amendments to the US constitution are called the Bill of Rights because they provide basic legal protection for individual rights. The terms also applied to the English Bill of Rights of 1689 and the Canadian Bill of Rights 1960, and to similar guarantees in the constitutions of the American states.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the perspective of two centuries, it can be said that Madison chose well among they pyramid of proposal sin the state. he included all the great rights appropriate for constitutional protection. The US Bill of Rights contains the classic inventory of individual rights, and it has served as the standard for all subsequenent attempts to sage guard human rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first American use of the term was in 1774 when the first Continental Congress adopted the declaration and resolves, which was popularly termed the Bill of Rights because it was an American equivalent of the English Bill of Rights. Two years later came the Virginia declaration of rights, which contained the first guarantees for individual right single gully enforceable constitution. The distinctive feature of the provision in American Bill of Rights is that they are enforced by the courts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From the time they first settled in Virgin and Massachusetts, the American colonist relied upon the rights enjoyed by Englishmen. The struggle for independence, however, demonstrated to them that rights not specified and codified in constitutional documents were insecure. The result was a movement as soon as independence was declared, to adopt bindings constitutions that limited governmental power and protected individual rights. Seven of the thirteen states adopted constitutions that included specific bills of rights.

The 19th Century Virtuoso

A virtuoso is a musician who is technically skilled on an instrument. Virtuosic musicians are known to be specialized in their instrument, perform in front of large audiences, and show off to their audiences. They typically travel far and wide with the intent of dazzling audiences all over the world with their extended techniques on an instrument. Fast notes and special effects can be heard in virtuosic music. The goal of all virtuosos is to achieve fame and fortune.Performing in front of upper-class audiences and the fact that virtuosic performers composed their own music typically helped them achieve this goal. Fans of virtuosic musicians valued the excitement in watching their spectacular performances, whereas those who were not fans had negative connotations of these kinds of musicians and believed that their music sounded empty. The height of the virtuoso began in the nineteenth-century with musicians such as Niccolo Paganini and Franz Liszt. Franz Liszt perfected the idea of th e ideal nineteenth-century virtuoso performer.As a virtuosic pianist essay writer law, he used his learned technicality and grandiose way of performing to amaze audiences with his professionalism on the piano. His exciting performances started a grand uproar that lead to the rise of an intense fan frenzy known as Lisztomania during the mid-nineteenth-century custom essay writing service. One of Liszt’s most famous pieces, La campanella, gained an abundant amount of attention by his crazed fans. His collaboration of fast notes and specialized dynamics makes up the foundation of the virtuosity within this piece.The piece is quite long and Liszt’s performance of the piece is not easy to imitate, making it very unique and extraordinary. He also incorporates his incomparable expertise into the virtuosic piece by showing off his ability to sustain playing lengthy techniques and special effects on the piano. Liszt is known to be very expressive and lively when he plays the pi ano. Edward Lodewijk â€Å"Eddie† Van Halen is the only modern day musician that comes to mind when it comes to one who fits the description of a virtuoso. Van Halen is a Dutch instrumentalist widely known for his exemplary skills on the guitar.He began his career as the lead guitarist, keyboardist, and one of the founders of the band Van Halen. With the use of his hands and an electric guitar, the Dutch-American musician completely redefined the tapping technique and gave it an original and legendary style. The guitarist gained a tremendous recognition for his technical skills when Rolling Stone magazine listed him as number 8 out of the 100 Greatest Guitarists back in 2011. Eddie Van Halen is undeniably one of the most influential rock musicians of the 20th century.Eddie Van Halen’s name took the spotlight when he took a turn for the better and became original. The start of his band’s career consisted of solely playing covers to rock songs by other bands. Afte r realizing that doing so was not bringing the band any success, Eddie Van Halen decided to take his guitar playing to another level and developed a talent of his own. He reinvented the tapping technique. Tapping is an old technique on the guitar that initially incorporated the use of one’s left hand and a pick to repeatedly pick at the neck of the guitar.Van Halen revolutionized tapping when he introduced his exceptional â€Å"finger-tapping† to rock music. He added the use of his right hand into tapping in order to reach higher notes. As he continually improved the tapping technique, Van Halen invented extra styles and skills to show off his learned technicality on the guitar. Eddie Van Halen’s musical training began at a very young age with the classical piano. Since introduced to the guitar, he has remained frequently practicing his skills and techniques on the preferred instrument.He went on to expanding his talents by writing songs for the band he co-found ed. Once his band, Van Halen, was signed to Warner Bros. Records, he was able to travel to far places to perform on stages outside of those in small town clubs. For the past 35 years, the famous guitarist has impressed large audiences with his revolutionary two-handed techniques and styles on the stringed instrument. Like most nineteenth-century virtuosos, Van Halen’s highly accomplished and distinguished technical ability greatly displays his virtuosic musicianship.Virtuosic musicians of the nineteenth-century performed classical music, whereas Eddie Van Halen performed rock music. Rock music is a heavy form of popular music intended to appeal to the many. The romantic and easy-listening forms of classical music do not appeal to everyone. Van Halen’s form of music is usually performed on outdoor stages and is not as formal as performances of classical music. Classical music is performed in indoor concert halls and its audiences normally consist of well-mannered and ca lm people, unlike those of modern rock concerts.Eddie Van Halen’s virtuosity is best represented in his famous guitar solo played for Michael Jackson’s hit song â€Å"Beat It. † The collaboration of these two artists was unheard of at first, but once the song caught the attention of worldwide audiences, it was easy to see that Van Halen had outdone himself. His elongated finger-tapping phrases and tapping harmonics on the electric guitar during that unforgettable solo earned him his fame in popular music. Eddie Van Halen’s guitar solo for â€Å"Beat It† is undoubtedly one of the greatest rock solos of all time. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=JfyI5VkyPVU

Where The Waters Begin The Traditional Nisqually Indian...

There is a legend called â€Å" The Land of the Dead of the Nisqually† collected by Cecelia Svinth Carpenter and has been put in her book â€Å"Where the Waters Begin: The Traditional Nisqually Indian History of Mount Rainier†: â€Å"The Squally-absch believed the world to be flat, and beneath its surface is the home of the dead, ‘Otlas-skio.’ Constant communication was maintained between this and the underground world by the spirits of the dead, as well as by the shamans or ‘medicine man,’ The country of Otlas-skio is filled with waving forests, grassy plains and running streams. Villages after the ancient type occupy the most beautiful places; the woods are filled with game and singing birds; brilliant flowers enliven the landscape and perfume th†¦show more content†¦It is thus that they explain a case of suspended animation. â€Å"The Squally neither expect favor or reward, nor feared punishment after death. During life, however, he worshiped the benificent forces of nature and appealed to them for aid and assistance; he feared the evil forces represented by a multitude of demons. Whom he attempted to propitiate that he might escape their attacks. His ceremonial appea ls to the good forces, and his attempt to allay the evil one, consituted the ritual of Nisqually theology. (Wickersham: 1898, 346)† Another legend is from â€Å"Indian Legends of the Pacific Northwest† by Ella E. Clark, called â€Å"Mason Lake and the Crying Loon†: â€Å"On the east side of the Olympia Peninsula is a small lake, Mason Lake, which the Indians said was the home of evil spirits. â€Å"Not far from the lake lived a litte boy, a very good swimmer. He spent much of his time in the salt water and on the shore of what is now called Hood Canal. His mother often told him that he must never swim in the haunted lake. It he should swim there, he would anger the evil spirits and they would punish him. But this little boy sometimes did what his mother told him not to do. â€Å"One warm day he disobeyed her and went swimming in the lake of the evil spirits. He could see no demons, but he did see many trout swimming about in the clear water. He swam and dived and had much fun all afternoon. He